See RFN-owski on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "RFN",
"4": "-owski",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish RFN\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish -owski\nPolish RFN-owski\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-owy\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-owy\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iskos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-iškas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьskъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-owski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"RFN-owski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"RFN-owski\">\nFrom RFN + -owski.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish RFN\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish -owski\nPolish RFN-owski\nFrom RFN + -owski.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owski",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owscy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owski",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "RFN-owski (not comparable, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"R‧F‧N-‧ow‧ski"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"R‧F‧N",
"‧ow‧ski"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "erefenowski"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -owski",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "West Germany",
"orig": "pl:West Germany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of erefenowski"
],
"id": "en-RFN-owski-pl-adj-cShmhLZk",
"links": [
[
"erefenowski",
"erefenowski#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, relational) alternative spelling of erefenowski"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "erefenowski"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "RFN"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"historical",
"not-comparable",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ.rɛ.fɛˈnɔf.ski/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔfski"
}
],
"word": "RFN-owski"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "RFN",
"4": "-owski",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish RFN\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish -owski\nPolish RFN-owski\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"thematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-owy\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-owy\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iskos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-iškas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьskъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-owski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"RFN-owski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"RFN-owski\">\nFrom RFN + -owski.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish RFN\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish -owski\nPolish RFN-owski\nFrom RFN + -owski.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owski",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owska",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owscy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owski",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owską",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "RFN-owskich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "RFN-owski (not comparable, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"R‧F‧N-‧ow‧ski"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"R‧F‧N",
"‧ow‧ski"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "erefenowski"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "RFN"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "erefenowski"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 5-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish multiword terms",
"Polish relational adjectives",
"Polish terms suffixed with -owski",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Polish velar adjectives",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔfski",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔfski/5 syllables",
"pl:West Germany"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative spelling of erefenowski"
],
"links": [
[
"erefenowski",
"erefenowski#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, relational) alternative spelling of erefenowski"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"historical",
"not-comparable",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛ.rɛ.fɛˈnɔf.ski/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔfski"
}
],
"word": "RFN-owski"
}
Download raw JSONL data for RFN-owski meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no derived adverb",
"path": [
"RFN-owski"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "RFN-owski",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"RFN-owski"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "RFN-owski",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"RFN-owski"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "RFN-owski",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.